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On Wednesday, September 6, Sling TV and DISH Technologies filed a suit against fuboTV alleging infringement on eight patents related to streaming video. All of the patents relate to “multi-bitrate content streaming,” and “adaptive-rate shifting” with the oldest patent, (8,868,772) dating back to Move Networks technology in 2014.

Some of these patents come from Move Networks which was acquired by EchoStar Advanced Technologies L.L.C., then a wholly-owned subsidiary of EchoStar Corporation which spent $45 million to acquire Move Networks and its ABR patent portfolio. DISH Digital Holding L.L.C. then acquired EchoStar Advanced Technologies L.L.C. in connection with a joint venture with EchoStar Corporation in 2012.

In the filing, DISH lays out how they tried to discuss licensing terms with fuboTV for four years, before finally getting an answer back from fuboTV on September 5 of this year stating that fuboTV did not believe it needed a license. DISH says that “after over four years of negotiation attempts to no avail, fuboTV continues to use DISH-owned technology in its streaming services without a license.” DISH is requesting a trial by jury. Case number: 1:2023cv00986 in the US District Court for the District of Delaware.

In 2021, DISH filed a similar patent suit against Peloton Interactive Inc., NordicTrack maker Icon Health & Fitness Inc. and Mirror owner Lululemon Athletica Inc. In May of this year, Peloton paid Dish Network a “one-time settlement payment” of $75 million and settled the suit. The case with NordicTrack exercise equipment maker iFit is still on going.

Disclaimer: Over the past 20 years I have worked as a patent expert on various cases involving audio and video patents tied to Move Networks, Burst Technologies, Viatech, Microsoft, Nokia, AOL, Samsung and Spotify. I’ve never worked on any cases involving DISH or fuboTV.

I think the estimates on the number of subs for Disney+ and the date of profitability for Disney’s DTC business that The Walt Disney Company has given to Wall Street are now in jeopardy. Based on the current challenges to their business, I don’t see how they reach their current forecasted numbers by fiscal 2024, which is September 28, 2024. Updated: Five days after I published this post Bloomberg is reporting that internally, Disney has cut their forecasted numbers for Disney+ subscribers and will miss their most recent public projections by tens of millions of subscribers.

In August of 2022, Disney lowered its longer-term forecast for Disney+ subscribers to 215 million to 245 million, down 15 million on both the low end and high end of their previous guidance, which they previously set in December 2020 at 230 million to 260 million by the end of fiscal 2024. At the end of July, Disney reported 146.1 million total subscribers to Disney+ globally (including Disney+ Hotstar) and lost 11.7 million subscribers worldwide in the quarter, mostly in India due to the loss of IPL content.

Based on their new projections they need to add nearly 70 million Disney+ subscribers in the next 14 months, averaging 5 million net new subs per month. That’s a staggering number to reach so it’s not surprising that Disney just announced a special promotional price of $1.99 per month for Disney+ for 3 months. But even if these promotions help Disney gain net new subs for Disney+, they have to keep them long-term and prevent them from churning off.

This could be even harder to do if the SAG-AFTRA and WGA strike continues and shrinks the number of new titles that come to Disney+ over the coming months. Also, Disney is taking a $1.9 billion impairment charge for the content they are removing from their platform, which started in May of this year, and said they “intend to produce lower volumes of content.” Having less content and less choice isn’t ideal when you are trying to add so many net new subs to your platform.

On the profitability estimate, Disney lowered their DTC losses to $512 million last quarter, down from the previous quarter of $659 million and down even further from the $1.1 billion they lost in fiscal Q1. So it’s no surprise that Disney is raising pricing on October 12th on some of their packages. ESPN+ will go from $9.99 to $10.99. Hulu + Live TV packages will each go up by $7 with the ad plan increasing to $76.99 and the tier with no ads on VOD rising to $89.99. Disney+ Premium with no ads will go from $10.99 to $13.99 for U.S. customers and Hulu without ads will increase from $14.99 to $17.99.

In November, Disney+ ad-supported plans will launch in Canada, the U.K. and eight other European countries and Disney has said that in December, it will increase subscription prices of Disney+ without ads in those markets. Disney also plans to crack down on illicit password-sharing, but how they plan to do this and when is unknown since the company has only said they plan to “roll out tactics sometime in 2024.” Raising prices and cracking down on password sharing is not going to be enough to get Disney’s DTC business to profitability if they can’t add net new subs.

Also working against the company were challenges they called out last quarter in their DTC business saying there was a negative impact due to “lower advertising revenue” and “higher programming and production costs” for their streaming business. In November of last year, former CEO Bob Chapek said “Disney+ will still achieve profitability in fiscal 2024, assuming we do not see a meaningful shift in the economic climate.”

While current CEO Bob Iger has not called out any meaningful shift in the economic climate, we all know it exists. Competition from other streaming services, fewer net new ads across the industry, content being removed from platforms, higher prices, the actors’ and writers’ strike, blackouts on pay TV services, and some of the damage to the Disney brand over the past 12 months are all real. Unless we see some drastic changes with Disney’s streaming business, which would not show up overnight on their balance sheet, I don’t see how they make their current projections and would expect them to have to revise the subscriber numbers and/or push back the expected date of profitability.

StackPath, which has thousands of CDN customers, mostly in the SMB market, has notified customers of their intent to exit the content delivery business and cease CDN operations on November 22, 2023. As part of their exit from the space, Akamai has acquired “approximately” 100 enterprise CDN contracts from StackPath.

Akamai says these select customers represent at least $50,000 in ARR with the potential to grow to a minimum $100,000 ARR by cross-selling security and compute. Akamai says most of the customers are net-new for the company with very little overlap across their current customer base. Akamai anticipates this transaction will add approximately $20 million in revenue for the full year in 2024.

Akamai is not acquiring any IP or patents from StackPatch and is not taking on any of their adult customers or any services tied to transit, co-location, or managed services, which was part of StackPath’s offering since their acquisition of Highwinds, BandCon, and MaxCDN.

It is unknown what will happen to the thousands of other CDN customers StackPath has, the majority of which are very small. Some of these customers are paying as little as $10 a month, so CDN services are not crucial to their business. StackPath’s exit from the CDN market will have no real impact on the industry since StackPath had not been a major player in the space for many years. Industry analysts have been overestimating StackPath’s CDN revenue by hundreds of millions of dollars, which they didn’t have. The company had under $50 million in actual CDN revenue tied to large customers with many analysts including non-CDN services like transit and colocation in their numbers.

StackPath was launched in 2016 having raised $150 million and did four acquisitions to start the company, including MaxCDN, a small CDN setup for self-service SMB customers. In 2017, StackPath acquired Highwinds, another CDN with a larger customer base and used their branding for their CDN services. In 2010, Highwinds acquired BandCon, which provided IP services, transit, colocation, and other infrastructure services.

With Akamai not taking on any StackPath employees or infrastructure and simply acquiring contracts, it’s an easy and no-risk value proposition for the company. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.

It’s sad that most major media outlets run stories with dramatic headlines saying, “In July, linear TV made up less than half of all TV viewing, according to Nielsen,” without questioning the data or how the word “linear” is being defined. Nielsen’s latest comparison data of cable TV to streaming viewing is NOT apples-to-apples and their methodology isn’t clear or transparent. But most in the media don’t care as it plays into their goal of wanting to call pay TV dead, something they have been saying for more than five years. Spoiler, it’s not dead.

Nielsen’s terms are so broad and undefined as they use phrases like “TV usage”, which isn’t clearly defined. TV is a device, it’s not a “type” of viewing. Later they use the term “broadcast viewing”, but you view broadcasts on TV. They also use the term “cable viewing”, which is a type of delivery mechanism to deliver the video. Nielsen provides no details of what devices are being measured for streaming usage and includes FAST channels, which as presented, is the same as TV viewing. It’s linear channels.

Nielsen is lumping in the method of delivery (streaming, cable, satellite) with the business models, (pay TV, AVOD, SVOD, FAST) and then ignoring some services completely like YouTube TV, Hulu + Live TV, and Sling TV, without any explanation as to why. In their “other” category they say that, “Streaming platforms listed as “other streaming” includes any high-bandwidth video streaming on television that is not individually broken out.” What is defined as “high-bandwidth video streaming?”

There is zero transparency in Nielsen’s methodology and definitions and yet the streaming industry and the media continue to use it to help propel the notion that anything that isn’t streaming-related isn’t a viable business anymore. Sadly, the industry doesn’t push back on Nielsen, question the data, and demand transparency because they only care about pushing the agenda of “pay TV is dead”, which Nielsen’s pie charts supposedly prove.

No one seems to care about the methodology of how data is collected or the accuracy of what is being compared and that’s a step backwards for the industry.

You have to be one of the OG’s in streaming to know what this is. Microsoft’s video server technologies, originally code-named Tiger, (because it sliced data into “stripes” for storage) led to its innovation in streaming media and was first demonstrated in 1994. The fundamental problem addressed by the Tiger design was that of efficiently balancing user load against limited disk, network and I/O bus resources.

Tiger accomplished this balancing by striping file data across all disks and all computers in the distributed system, and then allocating data streams in a schedule that rotates across the disks. In April 1996, Microsoft’s Research Advanced Technology Division presented a paper written by Bill Bolosky, Richard Draves, Robert Fitzgerald (who are still at Microsoft!) and others from their team at the Sixth International Workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video (NOSSDAV 96) in Japan.

At the time, Microsoft had built many Tiger configurations running video and audio streams at bitrates from 14.4Kbits/s to 8Mbits/s and using several output networks ranging from the internet through switched 10 and 100 Mbit/s ethernet to 100Mbit/s and OC-3 (155Mbit/s) ATM. Their paper described an ATM configuration set up for 6Mbit/s video streams with the 15 disk Tiger system rated for a capacity of 68 streams.

Microsoft was already working on video technology as early as 1993, when their video for Windows development kit was sent to developers that year.

For my latest “Executive Interview” podcast, I sit down with ad fraud expert Dr. Augustine Fou, who joins me for a deep dive into the murky waters of ad fraud detailing the allegations against YouTube. Learn how these misrepresentations are impacting advertisers’ trust, why YouTube’s reply to the allegations ignored the issues, and what this could mean for YouTube’s revenue. You can listen to the podcast here.

We also detail challenges in the overall video advertising industry when it comes to detecting ad fraud, why advertisers don’t have much incentive to fix it, the lack of clear measurement, methodology, and transparency in reporting and the impact of AI on the market.

If you’re interested in understanding the complexities of ad fraud in the online video advertising market and the challenges and trust issues that plague the industry, or if you’re an advertiser wanting to ensure your campaigns are not misrepresented, this is an episode you won’t want to miss.

Research report and data from Adalytics: https://adalytics.io/blog/invalid-google-video-partner-trueview-ads



Google’s reply to the report: https://blog.google/products/ads-commerce/transparency-and-brand-safety-on-google-video-partners/

Veovera Software, a not-for-profit organization, has stepped forward to spearhead the mission of modernizing RTMP, aligning its specification with the latest state-of-the-art technology. With the support of Adobe, a member of the organization, Veovera’s current focus is to steward and modernize the RTMP specification. YouTube and Twitch, also members of the organization, are backing the objective of enhancing RTMP. (Link to specs here)

RTMP was initially developed by Macromedia as a TCP-based protocol for high-speed transmission of audio, video, and data between servers and Flash players. It became the de facto standard for web-based streaming video as a crucial component of Flash Video. While RTMP died as a delivery protocol, RTMP continues to be a dominant force, especially on the ingestion side. Many broadcasting platforms incorporate this protocol into their processes due to its speed and reliability, characteristics that are particularly vital for first-mile delivery.

Slavik Lozben, Chairman of Veovera and one of the original creators of RTMP, told me that, “RTMP remains the most widely used format for live broadcast, with over 75% of broadcasters relying on it for ingestion. (According to Wowza’s Video Streaming Latency Report from 2021) Surprisingly, the next most popular technology accounts for less than a third of this usage. What’s remarkable is that RTMP hasn’t been updated in over 10 years. Given the escalating demands of the streaming community, it’s clear that RTMP needs enhancements to meet present-day challenges.”

RTMP has not been updated in over a decade, causing challenges related to not having the latest tech (e.g. support for current codecs, HDR). Companies that rely on RTMP now face a pivotal decision: should they invest in a costly overhaul or continue to utilize this increasingly outdated technology? Enhancing RTMP specification is a more manageable task compared to investing in an expensive transition to a different protocol.

Twenty-one years later, it’s astonishing to witness RTMP retaining its relevance after its original introduction in Flash Video. As an initial step, Veovera has incorporated support for AV1, VP9, and HEVC and is now striving to quickly define additional capabilities. Their goal is to continuously refine RTMP while ensuring backwards compatibility, without disrupting the internet or current tools. RTMP has remained untouched for quite a while, likely due to the absence of an organization willing to lead the effort to formally align the protocol within the industry. The challenges are not just technical but also involve logistical aspects. Veovera aims to:

• Prevent protocol bifurcation and maintain RTMP as a single, unified definition
• Enhance and modernize the RTMP/FLV specification with new functionality
• Collaborate with organization members and third-party solution providers to help deliver implementations that support the enhanced RTMP specifications
• Engage with the RTMP community to promote RTMP enhancements

Veovera says there’s a significant demand for this initiative across the industry and solution providers who rely on RTMP are eager to see these enhancements become a reality. Despite being in existence for many years, RTMP has remained relevant. Any longstanding streaming service has likely utilized RTMP at some point. Today, platforms and services such as Google, YouTube, Twitch, PlayStation, Meta, OBS, FFmpeg, VideoLAN, TikTok, and others continue to incorporate RTMP in their workflow.

Veovera has enhanced the RTMP specification by introducing popular video codecs like VP9, HEVC, and AV1. As for their 2023 roadmap, Veovera has a goal to enhance the recent video codec updates with the inclusion of widely-used audio codecs. The top contenders for this integration are Opus, FLAC, AC-3, and E-AC-3. Furthermore, Veovera intends to specify more features for RTMP, such as support for a seamless reconnect command plus other capabilities. Considering these enhancements, we can anticipate content to have lower latency and better quality. As a result, it’s plausible that RTMP will continue to stay relevant for many years to come.